Group+Interaction

1) **__The Combined Effects of Grade Retention and Targeted Small-Group Intervention on Students' Literacy Outcomes.__** Abbott, M, Wills, H, & Greenwood, C. (2010). The combined effects of grade retention and targeted small-group intervention on students' literacy outcomes. //Reading & Writing Quarterly//, //26//(1), 4-25.

This study matched 15 kindergarten and 1st grade retained students in 7 schools with their promoted peers on grade-level literacy performance. After collecting all the data, researchers found that retained kindergarten students received less intervention and did not benefit academically from retention. On the other hand, promoted 1st grade students who received additional small group interventions showed a significant interaction effect.

2) **__Effects of Peer Interaction During Computer-Based Mathematics Instruction.__**

Hooper, L. (1992). Effects of peer interaction during computer-based mathematics instruction. //Journal of Educational Research//

This article compared individual learning with group learning. Plus, it discussed the effects of grouping on achievement, instructional efficiency, and discourse during computer-based mathematics instruction. One hundred and fifteen fifth and sixth grade students were assigned to heterogeneous or homogeneous groups based on their ability. Students were asked to complete a mathematics tutorial and a posttest. The results showed that students completed the instruction more effectively in groups than alone.